Diphtheria
Diphtheria is an infection caused by bacteria that most often infect the nose or throat. Grey-coloured patches of pus can be seen in the throat, combining to form a single membrane. Without treatment, the membrane begins to soften and pieces break off after about a week. In about 25% of cases (generally affecting children under 4), the membrane may get so big that it completely blocks the windpipe, causing death by suffocation. The heart, nerves and kidneys are also at risk. If enough toxin is absorbed into the body, it can damage heart muscle, leading to possible heart failure and death. Diphtheria is a severe disease. Even with treatment, about 10% of people infected with diphtheria die.
Diphtheria is under control in Canada because of immunization, but it is important for individuals to keep up to date with immunization. Examples in other countries have proven that a decrease in immunization will allow the disease to return.
Until 1920 – Approximately 12,000 cases and 1,000 deaths occurred every year in Canada.
1920s – Diphtheria toxoid, the vaccine against diphtheria, was developed in France and Canada.
1924 – 9,000 cases of diphtheria were reported in Canada.
1925–1930 – Studies confirmed the effectiveness of the vaccine.
1930s – Routine immunization became widespread.
1983 – Fewer than five cases were reported; there were no deaths. Most cases in Canada occurred in adults who had been either partially immunized or not immunized at all.
Diphtheria is under control in Canada because of immunization, but it is important for individuals to keep up to date with immunization. Examples in other countries have proven that a decrease in immunization will allow the disease to return.
Capsule History
Before 1900 – Diphtheria was one of the main causes of death of children.Until 1920 – Approximately 12,000 cases and 1,000 deaths occurred every year in Canada.
1920s – Diphtheria toxoid, the vaccine against diphtheria, was developed in France and Canada.
1924 – 9,000 cases of diphtheria were reported in Canada.
1925–1930 – Studies confirmed the effectiveness of the vaccine.
1930s – Routine immunization became widespread.
1983 – Fewer than five cases were reported; there were no deaths. Most cases in Canada occurred in adults who had been either partially immunized or not immunized at all.